Los Angeles County Museum of Art 5905 Wilshire Blvd Los Angeles Ca 90036

Encyclopedic, Art museum in Los Angeles, U.s.a.

Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA)
LACMA logo.svg
LACMA-Los-Angeles-County-Museum-of-Art-04-2014.jpg

Museum pavilion, Apr 2014

Established 1910[1] [2]
Location 5905 Wilshire Boulevard
Los Angeles
United states
Coordinates 34°03′46″Northward 118°21′28″Due west  /  34.062895°Due north 118.357837°W  / 34.062895; -118.357837 Coordinates: 34°03′46″Northward 118°21′28″Due west  /  34.062895°Northward 118.357837°W  / 34.062895; -118.357837
Type Encyclopedic, Art museum
Visitors 1,592,101 (2016)[three]
Director Michael Govan
Builder William Pereira (1965)
Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates (1986)
Bruce Goff (1988)
Public transit access Bus: 20, 217, 720 or 780 to Wilshire Bl and Fairfax Av Hereafter Rail: Wilshire/Fairfax (service to begin in approximately 2023)
Website www.lacma.org

The Los Angeles Canton Museum of Art (LACMA) is an art museum located on Wilshire Boulevard in the Miracle Mile vicinity of Los Angeles. LACMA is on Museum Row, adjacent to the La Brea Tar Pits (George C. Page Museum).

LACMA was founded in 1961, splitting from the Los Angeles Museum of History, Scientific discipline and Art. 4 years after, information technology moved to the Wilshire Boulevard circuitous designed by William Pereira. The museum's wealth and collections grew in the 1980s, and information technology added several buildings outset in that decade and continuing in subsequent decades. In 2020, four buildings on the campus were demolished to make manner for a reconstructed facility designed by Peter Zumthor. His design drew strong community opposition and was lambasted past architectural critics and museum curators, who objected to its reduced gallery infinite, poor design, and exorbitant costs.[4] [5] [half-dozen]

LACMA is the largest art museum in the western United States. It attracts nearly a 1000000 visitors annually.[7] It holds more than 150,000 works spanning the history of art from ancient times to the present. In add-on to art exhibits, the museum features motion picture and concert series.

History [edit]

Early years [edit]

The Los Angeles County Museum of Art was established as a museum in 1961. Prior to this, LACMA was office of the Los Angeles Museum of History, Scientific discipline and Art, founded in 1910 in Exposition Park near the University of Southern California. Howard F. Ahmanson, Sr., Anna Bing Arnold and Bart Lytton were the first main patrons of the museum. Ahmanson fabricated the lead donation of $two million, convincing the museum board that sufficient funds could be raised to constitute the new museum. In 1965 the museum moved to a new Wilshire Boulevard complex every bit an independent, art-focused institution, the largest new museum to be congenital in the U.s.a. after the National Gallery of Art.

William Pereira Buildings [edit]

The museum, built in a mode like to Lincoln Center and the Los Angeles Music Center, consisted of three buildings: the Ahmanson Edifice, the Bing Center, and the Lytton Gallery (renamed the Frances and Armand Hammer Building in 1968). The board selected LA architect William Pereira over the directors' recommendation of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the buildings.[8] According to a 1965 Los Angeles Times story, the total cost of the iii buildings was $xi.5 million.[9] Construction began in 1963, and was undertaken past the Del E. Webb Corporation. Structure was completed in early 1965.[10] At the time, the Los Angeles Music Center and LACMA were concurrent large civic projects which vied for attention and donors in Los Angeles. When the museum opened, the buildings were surrounded by reflecting pools, but they were filled in and covered over when tar from the adjacent La Brea Tar Pits began seeping in.[nine]

1980s [edit]

Coin poured into LACMA during the blast years of the 1980s, a reportedly $209 meg in private donations during managing director Earl Powell's tenure.[12] To firm its growing collections of modern and gimmicky art and to provide more space for exhibitions, the museum hired the architectural business firm of Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Assembly to blueprint its $35.3-million,[13] 115,000-foursquare-foot Robert O. Anderson Building for 20th-century fine art, which opened in 1986 (renamed the Art of the Americas Building in 2007). In the far-reaching expansion, museum-goers henceforth entered through the new partially roofed central court, nearly an acre of space bounded by the museum'south 4 buildings.[14]

The museum'south Pavilion for Japanese Art, designed by maverick architect Bruce Goff, opened in 1988, every bit did the B. Gerald Cantor Sculpture Garden of Rodin bronzes.

In 1999, the Hancock Park Improvement Project was complete, and the LACMA-adjacent park (designed by mural architect Laurie Olin) was inaugurated with a free public commemoration. The $10-meg renovation replaced expressionless copse and blank globe with picnic facilities, walkways, viewing sites for the La Brea tar pits and a 150-seat scarlet granite amphitheater designed by artist Jackie Ferrara.[15]

Besides in 1994, LACMA purchased the adjacent former May Company department store building, an impressive example of streamline moderne architecture designed by Albert C. Martin Sr. LACMA West increased the museum'due south size by xxx percent when the edifice opened in 1998.[16]

Renzo Pianoforte Buildings [edit]

In 2004 LACMA's Board of Trustees unanimously approved a program for LACMA'southward transformation by architect Rem Koolhaas, who had proposed razing all the current buildings and amalgam an entirely new single, tent-topped structure,[17] [18] estimated to cost $200 1000000 to $300 meg.[nineteen] Kohlhaas edged out French builder Jean Nouvel, who would accept added a major building while renovating the older facilities.[20] The list of candidates had previously narrowed to five in May 2001: Koolhaas, Nouvel, Steven Holl, Daniel Libeskind and Thom Mayne.[xx]

However, the project before long stalled after the museum failed to secure funding.[21] In 2004 LACMA'due south Board of Trustees unanimously approved plans to transform the museum, led by architect Renzo Piano. The planned transformation consisted of three phases.

Phase I started in 2004 and was completed in February 2008. The renovations required demolishing the parking construction on Ogden Artery and with information technology LACMA-deputed graffiti art by street artists Margaret Kilgallen and Barry McGee.[22] The entry pavilion is a key point in architect Renzo Piano's programme to unify LACMA's sprawling, often confusing layout of buildings. The BP Grand Entrance and the adjacent Wide Contemporary Fine art Museum (BCAM) comprise the $191 meg (originally $150 million) first phase of the iii-part expansion and renovation campaign. BCAM is named for Eli and Edy Broad, who gave $60 million to LACMA's campaign; Eli Broad too serves on LACMA'southward board of directors.[23] BCAM opened on Feb xvi, 2008, adding 58,000 foursquare feet (v,400 yard2) of exhibition space to the museum. In 2010 the Lynda and Stewart Resnick Exhibition Pavilion opened to the public, providing the largest purpose-congenital, naturally lit, open-program museum infinite in the world.

The 2nd stage was intended to turn the May building into new offices and galleries, designed past SPF Architects. As proposed, it would have had flexible gallery space, educational activity infinite, administrative offices, a new eating place, a gift shop and a bookstore, as well as study centers for the museum's departments of costume and textiles, photography and prints and drawings, and a roof sculpture garden with ii works by James Turrell. Nevertheless, construction of this phase was halted in November 2010.[24] Phase two and three were never completed.

In October 2011, LACMA entered into an understanding with the Academy of Motion Picture show Arts and Sciences nether which the Academy volition found its Academy Museum of Move Pictures, in the May building. The redesign and additions are designed by Renzo Pianoforte every bit well.[25] Construction of the renovated building is ongoing and the Academy Museum is set to open by 2021. The Grand opening was delayed by COVID-nineteen.[26]

Watts Towers [edit]

In 2010 LACMA partnered with the Metropolis of Los Angeles Cultural Diplomacy Department in an try to ensure the preservation of the Watts Towers, offer its staff, expertise, and fundraising aid.[27] As of 2018, LACMA is working with Los Angeles County to develop a site at the Earvin "Magic" Johnson Park, which is shut to Watts Towers.[28]

S Los Angeles Wetlands Park site [edit]

In 2018, LACMA secure a 35-year lease on an 80,000-foursquare-human foot, city-owned former Metro maintenance and storage yard from 1911 in the South Los Angeles Wetlands Park area.[28] In 2020, information technology was reported that LACMA was in violation of the terms of its no-rent 35-year charter for the site.[29]

Zumthor proposal [edit]

Specifics about the third phase, which initially was to involve renovations to older buildings, long remained undisclosed.[24] In Nov 2009, plans were made public that LACMA's director Michael Govan was working with Swiss architect and Pritzker Prize laureate Peter Zumthor on plans for rebuilding the eastern section of the campus, the Perreira Buildings between the two new Renzo Piano buildings and the tar pits.[eighteen] [xxx] Compages business firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill collaborated with Zumthor on the building'due south blueprint.[31] With an estimated cost of $650 1000000,[32] Zumthor'due south first proposal called for a horizontal building along Wilshire Boulevard. Information technology would take been wrapped in glass on all sides and its principal galleries lifted one floor into the air. The broad roof would have been covered with solar panels.[33] In a later concession to concerns raised by its neighbor, the Page Museum, LACMA had Zumthor change the shape of his proposed building to stretch across Wilshire Boulevard and away from the La Brea Tar Pits.[32] [34]

In June 2014, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors canonical $5 meg for LACMA to keep its proposed plans to tear down the structures on the east stop of its campus for a single museum building.[35] Later that year, they approved in concept a plan that would provide public financing and $125 million toward the $600-million project.[36]

On April 8, 2019, the Zumthor-designed building was approved by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. The terminal approved edifice designed was scaled back from the original 387,500 foursquare feet (36,000 thouii) to 347,500 square feet (32,280 thouii), with gallery infinite shrinking from 121,000 square feet (11,200 grandii) to 110,000 square feet (10,000 chiliad2). The new proposal also dropped the black form aesthetics, reducing it to a one-level, aboveground, glass-enclosed, sand-colored concrete building, to save costs. The design still calls for an arm above Wilshire Boulevard.[37] [38]

Other than necessary mechanical systems and bathrooms, the building's entire second story will be devoted to gallery space.[31] Arranged in iv broad clusters around the building, each i of the twenty-six core galleries is designed in the class of a square or a rectangle at various scales.[31] Other services, among them the museum's education department, shop and three restaurants, will be at ground level, as will a 300-seat theater in the section of the building on the southern side of Wilshire Boulevard.[31]

The total cost was estimated to exist at $650 one thousand thousand, with LA canton providing $125 million in funds and the remainder raised by fundraising. Per reports LACMA has raised $560 one thousand thousand total since Dec 2018.[39] The re-designed final building was criticized by some local architects, including the Los Angeles Times editorial architect Christopher Knight, calling the plans "half broiled".[twoscore] Los Angeles City owns air rights above Wilshire, and so the city council must give approval to the projection, since part of the structure goes over the street.

Demolition of the Pereira buildings began in April 2020. The sabotage was completed in October of that same year.[41] In the meantime, the Zumthor building opening has been pushed dorsum to 2024.[42]

Exhibitions [edit]

In 1971, curator Maurice Tuchman's revolutionary "Art and Technology" exhibit opened at LACMA after its debut at the 1970 World Exposition in Osaka, Nihon.[43] The museum staged its first exhibition past contemporary black artists later that yr, featuring Charles Wilbert White, Timothy Washington and David Hammons, and then little known.[44] The museum'southward best-attended prove ever was "Treasures of Tutankhamun", which drew one.2 one thousand thousand during four months in 1978. The 2005 "Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs" drew 937,613 during its 137-twenty-four hours run. A show of Vincent van Gogh masterpieces from the artist'south eponymous Amsterdam museum is the tertiary most successful show, and a 1984 exhibition of French Impressionist works is fourth.[45] In 1994, "Picasso and the Weeping Women: The Years of Marie-Therese Walter and Dora Maar" opened to rave reviews and large crowds, cartoon more than than 153,000 visitors.[46]

Since the arrival of current director Michael Govan, about 80% of simply over 100 featured temporary exhibitions take been of Modern or contemporary fine art while the permanent exhibitions feature piece of work dating from antiquity, including pre-Columbian, Assyrian and Egyptian art through contemporary art.[47]

More recent exhibits, focusing on popular culture and entertainment, take besides been well-received, both by critics and patrons. Exhibits devoted to the works of flick-directors Tim Burton and Stanley Kubrick drew peculiarly positive reactions and responses.[48]

Collections [edit]

LACMA's more than 120,000 objects are divided among its numerous departments by region, media, and time menstruation and are spread amongst the various museum buildings.[49]

Modern and Contemporary Art [edit]

The Modern Art collection is displayed in the Ahmanson Edifice, which was renovated in 2008 to have a new entrance featuring a large staircase, conceived as a gathering place similar to Rome's Spanish Steps. Filling the atrium at the base of operations of the staircase is Tony Smith's massive sculpture Smoke (1967).[50] The plaza level galleries also business firm African fine art and a gallery highlighting the Robert Gore Rifkind Eye for German Expressionist Studies.

The modern collection on the plaza level displays works from 1900 to the 1970s, largely populated by the Janice and Henri Lazarof Drove. In December 2007, Janice and Henri Lazarof gave LACMA 130 mostly modernist works estimated to be worth more than $100 million.[51] The collection includes 20 works past Picasso, watercolors and paintings by Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky and a considerable number of sculptures by Alberto Giacometti, Constantin Brâncuși, Henry Moore, Willem de Kooning, Joan Miró, Louise Nevelson, Archipenko, and Arp.[52] [53]

Gallery of works by Alberto Giacometti

The Gimmicky Art collection is displayed in the 60,000-foursquare-human foot (v,600 g2) Broad Gimmicky Art Museum (BCAM), opened on February xvi, 2008. BCAM'south inaugural exhibition featured 176 works past 28 artists of postwar Modern art from the late 1950s to the present. All just thirty of the works initially displayed came from the collection of Eli and Edythe Wide (pronounced "brode").[54] Long-time trustee Robert Halff had already donated 53 works of contemporary art in 1994. Components of that gift included Joan Miró, Jasper Johns, Sam Francis, Frank Stella, Lari Pittman, Chris Burden, Richard Serra, John Chamberlain, Matthew Barney, and Jeff Koons. It also provided LACMA with its first drawings past Claes Oldenburg and Cy Twombly.[55]

Back Seat Dodge '38 (1964), by Edward Kienholz, is a sculpture portraying a couple engaged in sexual activeness in the dorsum seat of a truncated 1938 Dodge automobile chassis. The slice won Kienholz instant celebrity in 1966 when the Los Angeles County Lath of Supervisors tried to ban the sculpture equally pornographic and threatened to withhold financing from LACMA if it included the work in a Kienholz retrospective. A compromise was reached under which the sculpture's machine door would remain airtight and guarded, to be opened only on the request of a museum patron who was over eighteen, and simply if no children were present in the gallery. The uproar led to more than 200 people lining up to see the work the day the show opened. Ever since, Dorsum Seat Dodge '38 has drawn crowds.[56]

American and Latin American art [edit]

The Art of the Americas Building has American, Latin American, and pre-Columbian collections displayed on the second floor and temporary exhibition space on the outset flooring. Formerly known as the Anderson Building, the Art of the Americas Edifice comprises galleries for art from North, Central, and South America.[57]

LACMA'south Latin American Fine art galleries reopened in July 2008 subsequently several years renovation. The Latin American collection includes pre-Columbian, Castilian Colonial, Modern, and contemporary works. Many recent additions to the collection were financed past sales of works from an 1,800 piece holding of 20th century Mexican fine art compiled past dealer-collectors Bernard and Edith Lewin and given to the museum in 1997.[58]

The pre-Columbian galleries were redesigned past Jorge Pardo, a Los Angeles artist who works in sculpture, blueprint, and architecture.[58] Pardo's display cases are built from thick, stacked sheets of medium-density fiberboard (MDF), with spacing of equal thickness in between the 70-plus layers. The light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation-cut organic forms undulate and bully out from the walls, sharply contrasting to the rectangular display cases plant in virtually art museums.[59]

The museum'southward pre-Columbian collection began in the 1980s with the first installment of a 570-slice gift from Southern California collector Constance McCormick Fearing and the purchase of about 200 pieces from L.A. businessman Proctor Stafford. The holdings recently jumped from virtually 1,800 to two,500 objects with a souvenir of Colombian ceramics from Camilla Chandler Frost, a LACMA trustee and the sister of Otis Chandler, one-time Los Angeles Times publisher, and Stephen and Claudia Muñoz-Kramer of Atlanta, whose family built the collection.[58] A sizable portion of LACMA's pre-Columbian collection was excavated from burying chambers in Colima, Nayarit and other regions around Jalisco in modern-twenty-four hour period Mexico.[59] LACMA boasts 1 of the largest collections of Latin American fine art due to the generous donation of more than 2,000 works of art by Bernard Lewin and his married woman Edith Lewin in 1996. In 2007 the museum signed an understanding with the Fundación Cisneros for a loan of 25 colonial-style works, afterwards extended until 2017.[57]

The Spanish Colonial collection includes work from 17th and 18th century Mexican artists Miguel Cabrera, José de Ibarra, José de Páez, and Nicolás Rodriguez Juárez. The drove has galleries for Diego Rivera and Rufino Tamayo. The Latin American contemporary gallery highlights works Francis Alÿs.[59]

Asian art [edit]

The Hammer Building houses the Chinese and Korean collections.[50] The Korean fine art collection began with the donation of a grouping of Korean ceramics in 1966 past Bak Jeonghui, then president of the Republic of korea, afterward a visit to the museum. LACMA today claims to have the most comprehensive holding outside of Korea and Japan.[60] The Pavilion for Japanese Art displays the Shin'enkan drove donated by Joe D. Price. In 1999 LACMA trustee Eric Lidow and his married woman, Leza, donated 75 aboriginal Chinese works valued at a full of $3.5 million, including important bronze objects and prime number examples of Buddhist sculpture.[61] LACMA also has a rich collection of relics from India, by and large consisting of sculptures of Jain Tirthankaras, Buddha and Hindu deities. Many Paintings from India are also nowadays in the LACMA.

Greek, Roman, and Etruscan art [edit]

The second floor of the Ahmanson Building has Greek and Roman Fine art galleries. A large portion of the museum'due south ancient Greek and Roman art collection was donated by William Randolph Hearst, the publishing magnate, in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

Islamic fine art [edit]

The museum's Islamic galleries include over 1700 works from ceramics and inlaid metalwork to enameled drinking glass, carved stone and wood, and arts of the book from manuscript illumination to Islamic calligraphy. The drove is especially strong in Persian and Turkish glazed pottery and tiles, glass, and arts of the book. The drove began in earnest in 1973 when the Nasli One thousand. Heeramaneck Collection was gifted to the museum by philanthropist Joan Palevsky.[62]

Decorative arts and design [edit]

In 1990 Max Palevsky gave 32 pieces of Arts and Crafts article of furniture to LACMA ; iii years after, he added an additional 42 pieces to his souvenir. In 2000, he donated $2 1000000 to LACMA for Arts and Crafts works. He supplied nearly a third of the 300 objects displayed in a 2004–05 LACMA exhibit, "The Arts and Crafts Movement in Europe and America: 1880–1920" and in 2009, the museum presented "The Arts and crafts Movement: Masterworks From the Max Palevsky and Jodie Evans Drove".[63] With a single acquisition in 2009, LACMA became a major center for the report and brandish of 18th- and 19th-century European clothing when it bought the holdings of dealers Martin Kamer of London and Wolfgang Ruf of Beckenried, Switzerland—virtually 250 outfits and 300 accessories created betwixt 1700 and 1915, including men's three-piece suits, women's dresses, children'south garb, and a vast array of shoes, hats, purses, shawls, fans, and undergarments.[64]

Permanent art installations [edit]

Los Angeles sculptor Robert Graham created the towering, statuary Retrospective Cavalcade (1981, cast in 1986) for the archway of the Art of the Americas Edifice. A new contemporary sculpture garden was opened directly east of the museum's Wilshire Boulevard entrance in 1991, including large-calibration outdoor sculptures by Alice Aycock, Ellsworth Kelly, Henry Moore, and others. The centerpiece of the garden is Alexander Calder's three-piece mobile Hello Girls, commissioned by a women's museum-support group for the museum'due south opening in 1965. Situated in a curving reflecting pool, the mobile has brightly colored paddles that are moved by jets of water.[65] [66]

The Ahmanson Building's atrium was remodeled to hold Tony Smith's Smoke, which had non been displayed since its original 1967 presentation at Washington, D.C.'south Corcoran Gallery of Art. The massive black painted aluminum artwork is fabricated upward of 43 piers and is 45 ft (14 thou) long, 33 ft (10 m) wide, and 22 ft (half dozen.7 m) high. The newly fabricated work was initially on loan from the artist's manor,[67] merely in 2010, after several months of intense fundraising efforts, "the museum acquired the work for an undisclosed amount reported to exceed $three meg and [with an insurance valuation of] 'over $v million.'"[68] The purchase was "made possible past The Belldegrun Family'south souvenir to LACMA in honour of Rebecka Belldegrun'due south birthday", per the museum.[69]

Eli and Edythe Wide contributed $10 million to fund the purchase of Richard Serra'southward Band sculpture, on brandish on the first floor of BCAM when the edifice opened.[54] [70]

Surrounding the BCAM building and LACMA's courtyard is a 100 palm tree garden, designed by creative person Robert Irwin and mural architect Paul Comstock. Some of the 30 varieties of palms are in the ground, merely most are in large wooden boxes above ground.[71] [72] Directly in front of the new entrance to LACMA on Wilshire Boulevard, where Ogden Drive once bisected the 20-acre campus between Wilshire Boulevard and 6th Street, is Chris Burden's Urban Light (2008), an orderly, multi-tiered installation of 202 antique bandage-iron street lights from diverse cities in and around the Los Angeles area. The street lights are functional, turn on in the evening, and are powered past solar panels on the roof of the BP Grand Archway.

Originally Jeff Koons' Tulips (1995–2004) sculpture was inside the Grand Entrance edifice and Charles Ray's Burn down Truck (1993) was exterior in the courtyard, both lent by the Broad Fine art Foundation. Both sculptures were removed afterward being on brandish for three months due to unexpected damage from patrons and wear.[73]

On February 2, 2007, Michael Govan, with Koons, revealed plans for a 161-foot (49 m)-tall Koons sculpture featuring an operational 1940s locomotive suspended from a crane. The sculpture would be located at the entrance on Wilshire Boulevard, between the Ahmanson Building and the Broad Contemporary Art Museum.[74] [75] Past 2011, after "the fundraising climate soured and Koons' California fabricator, Carlson & Co, went out of business after completing a $2.iii-million feasibility report"[76] and a $25 million estimated cost, Govan said "We don't have a final method of construction, and I don't have a concluding fundraising plan."[77] Koons said they are now working with the High german fabricator Arnold, outside of Frankfurt, to do an boosted engineering study, and Govan says he has committed to spending half a million dollars for that study.[76] The museum has J.B. Turner Engine (1986), a small Koons slice which was shown in the 2006–2007 "Magritte and Contemporary Art: The Treachery of Images" exhibition.[78]

Levitated Mass by artist Michael Heizer is the latest projection at LACMA. On December 8, 2011, this 340-ton bedrock, 21.5 feet (6.six m) wide and 21.5 feet (6.vi m) in peak, was ready to exit its quarry in Riverside County, after months of postponements.[79] It sits atop the 456-human foot-long trench which allows people to walk nether and around the massive rock. The movement started on February 28, 2012, and completed on March 10, 2012. The fine art piece was opened on June 24, 2012, by Heizer, Los Angeles County Supervisor Zev Yaroslavsky, and Los Angeles City Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa.[eighty]

Photography [edit]

The Wallis Annenberg Photography Department was launched in 1984 with a grant from the Ralph G. Parsons Foundation. It has holdings of more than fifteen grand works that bridge the flow from the medium's invention in 1839 to the present. Photography also is integrated into other departments. Although LACMA's photo drove encompasses the unabridged field, it has many gaps and is far smaller than that of the J. Paul Getty Museum.[81] In 1992 Audrey and Sydney Irmas donated their entire photography collection, creating what is now the Los Angeles County Museum of Art'due south Audrey and Sydney Irmas Collection of Artists' Self-Portraits, a large and highly specialized selection spanning 150 years. The couple donated the collection two years before a major exhibition of the collection was mounted at LACMA; the brandish included photos of and past artistic photographers ranging from pharmacist Alphonse Poitevin in 1853 to Robert Mapplethorpe in 1988. Among other self-portraits in the collection were those of Andy Warhol, Lee Friedlander, and Edward Steichen.[82] Audrey Irmas continues to buy for the collection, but now all the additions are gifts to LACMA.[83] In 2008 LACMA announced that the Annenberg Foundation was making a $23 million souvenir for the acquisition of the Marjorie and Leonard Vernon drove of 19th- and 20th-century photographs. Among the 3,500 main prints are works by Steichen, Edward Weston, Ansel Adams, Eugène Atget, Imogen Cunningham, Catherine Opie, Cindy Sherman, Barbara Kruger, Ave Pildas[84] and Man Ray. The gift also provided an endowment and capital letter to help build storage facilities for the museum's photographic holdings, leading to its photography department being renamed the Wallis Annenberg Department of Photography.[85] In 2011 LACMA and the J. Paul Getty Trust jointly acquired Robert Mapplethorpe'due south fine art and archival material, including more than than 2,000 works past the artist.[86]

Flick [edit]

LACMA's motion picture program was founded by Phil Chamberlin in the late 1960s.[87] In 2009 LACMA announced plans to abolish its 41-year-former picture serial, citing declining attendance and funding. The decision drew widespread criticism from cinephiles, including moving-picture show managing director Martin Scorsese, who wrote an open protestation letter of the alphabet that was published in the Los Angeles Times. In response, the museum expanded its picture show offerings and partnered with Film Contained to launch a new series. In 2011 LACMA and the Academy of Motion Motion picture Arts and Sciences announced partnership plans to open a movie museum within 3 years in the quondam May Co. edifice.[88]

Acquisitions and donors [edit]

Individual donors [edit]

In 2014, LACMA received a $500 one thousand thousand donation of art from businessman Jerry Perenchio. The 47-piece collection contains works by Paul Cézanne, Edgar Degas, René Magritte, Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, and Pablo Picasso. LACMA executive managing director Michael Govan said it was the biggest gift in the museum'south history, and The Washington Post called information technology "conceivably 1 of the greatest art gifts always, to any museum".[89] Perenchio's donation, which becomes effective upon his death, occurs only if the museum completes construction of the new building designed by Peter Zumthor.[89]

The $54 meg Resnick Pavillon was made possible past a $45 million gift from the philanthropists for whom it is named.[90] On March 6, 2007, BP announced a $25 meg donation to proper noun the entry pavilion under construction as office of LACMA's renovation campaign the "BP Grand Entrance". The $25 one thousand thousand gift matches Walt Disney Co.'south 1997 gift for Disney Hall as the biggest corporate donation to the arts in Southern California. Previously, in 2006, LACMA had announced that the new entrance would exist called the "Lynda and Stewart Resnick Grand Archway Pavilion", in honor of their $25 meg gift.

An 18th-century painting of Hindu goddesses Matrikas fighting demons, from LACMA.

Lime Spoon with cast picaflor, 1250–1470, Peru, Inca.
Purchased with funds provided by Lillian Apodaca Weiner (M.2003.77)

On January 8, 2008, Eli Broad revealed plans to retain permanent control of his roughly two,000 works of modern and contemporary art in the contained Broad Art Foundation, which loans works to museums, rather than giving the art away. Broad, as recently as a twelvemonth prior, had said that he planned to give almost of his holdings to one or several museums, ane of which was assumed to exist LACMA. Nevertheless, LACMA remains the "preferred" museum to receive works from the Foundation.[91]

Wide, previously vice chairman of LACMA's board of directors, financed the $56-million Broad Gimmicky Art Museum (BCAM) edifice at LACMA; he as well provided an additional $10 million to purchase two works of art to be displayed in information technology. BCAM displayed 220 pieces borrowed from Broad and his Broad Fine art Foundation when it opened in February 2008. In 2001 LACMA was criticized for hosting a major exhibition of Broad's collection without having secured a promised gift of the works, an act that is prohibited at many prominent art institutions because it can increase the market value of the collection.[51]

In 2002 the Annenberg Foundation gave the museum $ten 1000000 to constitute a special endowment fund to support exhibitions, art acquisitions and educational programs at the discretion of its director. In recognition of the gift, LACMA named its leadership position the Wallis Annenberg directorship. In 2001 Wallis Annenberg endowed a curatorial fellowship program with a $1-meg souvenir. In 1991, the foundation contributed $ten one thousand thousand to LACMA's endowment and in 1999 it donated $100,000 to provide arts didactics training for Los Angeles unproblematic school teachers.[19]

In 2001 the museum lost out on the modern art drove of Nathan and Marian Smooke, a former museum trustee and industrial real-estate developer whose heirs sold much of his collection at auction rather than donating it.[92] [93]

In 1996 the museum suffered yet some other serious blow when the Gilbert Drove of Italian mosaics and other decorative objects, promised as an eventual bequest, and parts of which had been on display for decades, was withdrawn. The would-be donor claimed that the Museum had reneged on a written agreement to provide more than exhibit space for it.[94] [95] The collection is considered one of the finest in the world of its kind. Moreover, unlike the Hammer and Simon collections, it did not remain in the Los Angeles area simply was removed to the United Kingdom.

Armand Hammer was a LACMA board fellow member for nearly seventeen years, beginning in 1968, and during this time continued to announce the museum would inherit his whole collection. Hammer'southward collection included works from Van Gogh, John Singer Sargent, Thomas Eakins, Gustave Moreau, Edgar Degas, and Paul Cézanne. When LACMA was offered a collection of works by Honoré Daumier, Hammer bought the works on the promise that he would give them to the museum. To LACMA's surprise, Hammer instead founded the Hammer Museum, congenital side by side to Occidental's headquarters in Los Angeles.[96]

Between 1972 and 2020, the Ahmanson Foundation spent virtually $130 million to finance the museum's acquisitions of 99 artworks, including masterpieces like Magdalene with the Smoking Flame by Georges de La Tour, others past Rembrandt, Watteau and Bernini, and a suite of 42 French oil sketches. The donations were non made with whatever contractual stipulations that the works remain on view.[97] In 2020, the foundation suspended the conquering program.[97]

In the early 1970s Norton Simon, the chairman of Norton Simon, Inc., which owned Avis Car Rental, Chase's Foods, Max Factor Cosmetics, Canada Dry Corp., and McCall'due south Publishing, amid other interests, agreed to accept the financial responsibility of the troubled Pasadena Museum of Art. Norton Simon Museum He after donated his all-encompassing collection to the new entity, now the Norton Simon Museum of Art. He had before made some indication of altruistic the work to LACMA.[51] [91]

From 1946 to his death in 1951, William Randolph Hearst was LACMA'due south largest distributor. He remains the largest donor to the museum in number of objects. His donations formed the museum'south collection of Greek and Roman antiquities, medieval and early on Renaissance sculptures, and much of the drove of European decorative arts.[viii]

Fine art councils [edit]

Over the course of the LACMA'southward history, x fine art councils—each supporting a specific area of the collection—take acquired or helped acquire nearly v,000 works of art for the museum. The art councils comprise groups of fine art enthusiasts and professionals who pay a minimum of $400 a yr in dues and organize projects to enhance money for a favorite department.[98] Founded in 1952, the Art Museum Council is LACMA's first volunteer support council and supports the whole of the museum'southward endeavors. The Modern and Contemporary Art Council, founded in 1961, is the longest-running back up group for contemporary art at any museum in the country.[99] In 1986 the Annual Collectors Committee weekends were started and have raised a total of $sixteen million for the buy of 157 works, valued at $75 million.[100] The Photographic Arts Council, founded in 2001, is the youngest of ten ten support groups, offering its members visits to artists' studios and private collections, curator-led tours of exhibitions and lectures about the care and conservation of photographs.[101]

Collectors Committee [edit]

Each year a distinguished group of donors contributes directly to the enrichment of LACMA'due south permanent drove through participation in the Collectors Committee, creating a fund to spend on art through purchasing tickets ranging betwixt $15,000 and $60,000[102] for the issue.[103] Once a year, the Collectors Commission members meet at the museum to hear acquisition proposals from the diverse curators. Each curator has roughly five minutes to plead their case to the patrons, who vote later that day at a black-tie gala effect at the museum on which artworks should go the next acquisitions for the permanent collection.[102] The 2012 gala raised more than $2.8 1000000.[104] Since its inception in 1986, the event has brought some 170 works of art into the museum'due south collection.[105]

LACMA Art + Flick Gala [edit]

The museum puts on an almanac gala dinner, inaugurated in 2011 featuring amusement past international artists and hosted past national entertainers such as Angeleno Leonardo Di Caprio (2012). The annual event, the Art + Film Gala, is designed to help the museum shore up support from Hollywood leaders. Gala prices range from $5,000 for an individual gold ticket to $100,000 for a platinum table.[106] The 2018 gala raised approximately $4.5 million for the museum's operations and collections,[107] up from $4.1 million in 2013[108] and just under $3 million in 2011.[109]

Gala honorees accept included Betye Saar and Alfonso Cuaron in 2019,[110] Catherine Opie and Guillermo del Toro in 2018;[107] Marking Bradford and George Lucas in 2017;[111] Kathryn Bigelow and Robert Irwin in 2016;[112] Alejandro González Iñárritu and James Turrell in 2015;[113] Barbara Kruger and Quentin Tarantino in 2014; Martin Scorsese and David Hockney in 2013; the late Stanley Kubrick and Ed Ruscha in 2012; and Clint Eastwood and John Baldessari in 2011.[114]

Deaccessioning [edit]

Forth with other museums that have consigned works to auction in the by, LACMA has been sharply criticized for pruning its art holdings.[115] In 2005, on the occasion of the expansion, reorganization and reinstallation of its drove in 2007, LACMA auctioned 43 works at Sotheby'south. The works sold included paintings by Amedeo Modigliani, Camille Pissarro and Max Beckmann, sculptures past Alberto Giacometti and Henry Moore, and works on paper by Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse and Edgar Degas.[116] The biggest sale of works by the museum since the early 1980s, it was expected to fetch $10.4 million to $15.4 million; information technology eventually resulted in a total of $13 million.[115] Among the most valuable was a Modigliani portrait of the Castilian landscape painter Manuel Humbert, which sold for $4.9 million.[117]

Programs [edit]

In 1966 Maurice Tuchman, and so curator of modernistic fine art at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, introduced the Art and Engineering science (A&T) program. Within the programme, artists like Robert Irwin and James Turrell were placed, for example, at the Garrett Corporation, to bear research into perception.[118] The program yielded an exhibition that ran at LACMA and traveled to Expo '70 in Osaka, Nihon.[119] It also contributed to the evolution of the Low-cal and Space movement.

Direction [edit]

Funding [edit]

Andrea Rich won praise for doubling the museum's endowment, to more than $100 million, and for increasing attendance and pursuing programs and acquisitions that might appeal to the varied segments of the city's diverse population, similar Islamic, Latin American and Korean art.[120] Rich resigned in office because of disputes with Eli Broad, including i over hiring a curator for the new Broad contemporary art center.[121] In 2008, LACMA made a formal offering to merge with MOCA and to assistance that museum raise new money from donors.[122]

Per the Los Angeles County Code and diverse operating agreements, Museum Associates, a nonprofit public benefit corporation organized under the laws of the state of California, manages, operates, and maintains the Los Angeles County Museum of Fine art. In 2011, LACMA reported internet assets (basically, a total of all the resources it has on its books, except the value of the fine art) of $300 one thousand thousand.[123] That year, the museum's endowment grew from $99.six million to $106.8 million.[124] By issuing $383 million in tax-costless construction bonds,[125] the museum paid for its ongoing expansion and renovation, which has yielded the new Broad Contemporary Art Museum and the Resnick Exhibition Pavilion as well as other improvements. The Los Angeles County provides around $29 million a twelvemonth,[35] roofing more than a 3rd of the museum's operating expenses.[126]

LACMA typically raises around $40 million from donations and membership dues, which are accounted for every bit gifts, paying for almost half of LACMA'south average expenses of near $92 1000000.[127]

Attendance [edit]

Although attendance has grown in recent years, it still remained at 914,356 visitors in 2010.[128] In 2011, around one.ii meg visitors went to LACMA, making it the first time the museum broke the 1 million mark.[129] In 2015, attendance reached 1.6 million.[130]

Directors [edit]

  • Dr. Richard (Ric) F. Brown – 1961 – 1966[eight]
  • Kenneth Donahue 1966 – 1979
  • Earl A. Powell 3 – 1980 – 1992
  • Michael E. Shapiro – 1992 – 1993
  • Between 1993 and 1995, Master Deputy Managing director Ronald B. Bratton was handling fiscal and administrative activities and Stephanie Barron, chief curator of modern and contemporary art, was analogous curatorial diplomacy.[131]
  • Graham W. J. Beal – 1996 – 1999
  • Andrea L. Rich – 1999 – 2005
  • Michael Govan – 2006–present

In 1996, LACMA'south board of trustees decided that the traditional dual role of manager as chief administrator/artistic director should be dissever, and appointed Andrea Rich equally president and chief executive officer of the museum, while Graham Westward. J. Beal ran its artistic programs.[132] As part of a 2005 restructuring, the president position was once more made the second-ranking job in the institution.[133]

LACMA provides a home to the managing director. From that purpose, it has owned a 5,100 sq ft (470 m2) Hancock Park property since 2006.[134] In 2020, Museum Associates caused a 3,300 sq ft (310 m2) house on a 7,800 sq ft (720 m2) lot in Mid-Wilshire for $2.ii meg.[135]

Board of trustees [edit]

LACMA is governed by a board of trustees which sets policy and determines the museum's strategic direction. Lath membership is i of the few concrete ways to measure philanthropy in the museum globe. LACMA costs $100,000 to join; each board member commits to donating or raising at to the lowest degree some other $100,000 a year for the nonprofit museum.[136] The museum currently has over 50 active board members; thirty of them have joined since 2006, including Barbra Streisand, songwriter Carole Bayer Sager, collector Dasha Zhukova, TV journalist Willow Bay, producer Brian Grazer, Sony Pictures Entertainment chairman Michael Lynton, and Boob tube presenter Ryan Seacrest.[137] [138] Since 2015, the lath has been co-chaired by Elaine Wynn and Tony Ressler.[139]

Notably, Tom Gores stepped downward from his mail as a lath trustee in 2020, after advocacy groups Worth Rises and Color of Alter had called for his removal over his investment in Securus Technologies.[140]

Selected paintings [edit]

Selected objects [edit]

Encounter as well [edit]

  • La Brea Tar Pits, next door to Los Angeles Canton Museum of Art

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External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • LACMA's permanent collection: Access to more than than 80,000 works of fine art from the museum'south permanent collection. Via this website, the museum besides enables users to download and use, without any restrictions, high quality images of near 20,000 works of art they deem to exist in the public domain.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art

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